Breakthrough T1d
Public records show a registered, tax-exempt organization in good standing.
What it says it does
BREAKTHROUGH T1D IS THE LEADING GLOBAL T1D ORGANIZATION WORKING TO ACCELERATE LIFE-CHANGING BREAKTHROUGHS TO CURE, PREVENT, AND TREAT T1D AND ITS COMPLICATIONS.
- Income
- $301.7 million
- Spending
- $281.0 million
- Spent on programs
- 75%
- Reserves
- 9.5 months of spending
- Largest source of income
- donations and private grants, 92%
- Employees
- 688
- Volunteers
- 235,000
- Highest pay
- $1.0 million, chief executive officer
Source: Form 990 for the year ending June 30, 2025, filed with the Internal Revenue Service. Rating method 2026.2. How we rate
Financial health
Good: 83 out of 100. Higher than 71% of charities in its peer group (diseases, over $100m).
Reserves
28 of 35Spendable reserves would cover 9.5 months of spending.
Debt
10 of 20It owes 34% of what it owns.
Living within its means
15 of 15Income exceeded spending by 7% of income.
Income trend
15 of 15Income rose 17% on the year before.
Spending floor
15 of 1575% of spending went to programs and raising each dollar of donations cost 18 cents.
Source: Form 990 for the year ending June 30, 2025, filed with the Internal Revenue Service. Rating method 2026.2. How we rate
Governance
Strong: 100 out of 100. Higher than 33% of charities in its peer group (diseases, over $100m).
Independent board
25 of 2515 of 15 voting board members are independent.
Conflict of interest policy
15 of 15Has a written conflict of interest policy.
Whistleblower policy
8 of 8Has a written whistleblower policy.
Record keeping policy
7 of 7Has a written policy on keeping and destroying records.
Board minutes
5 of 5Keeps minutes of board meetings.
Board sees the tax return
10 of 10Gave the board a copy of this return before filing it.
Pay set independently
5 of 5Sets its chief executive's pay through independent review and comparison.
Independent check of accounts
15 of 15Its accounts were audited by an independent accountant.
No reported misuse
10 of 10Reports no diversion of assets, excess benefits or loans to insiders.
Source: Form 990 for the year ending June 30, 2025, filed with the Internal Revenue Service. Rating method 2026.2. How we rate
Impact evidence
Describes programs. Its tax return describes what it does but we have found no measurable results in it.
Programs described in its return (3)
- $121.7 million spent. RESEARCH FUNDING -- FOR THE YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 2025, BREAKTHROUGH T1D (FORMERLY JDRF) DIRECTLY FUNDED RESEARCH GRANTS AND INDUSTRY AGREEMENTS FOR WHICH $121.1 MILLION IN RESEARCH GRANT EXPENSE, NET WAS RECOGNIZED ACCORDING TO GAAP IN ADDITION TO $15.5 MILLION OF PROGRAMMATIC RESEARCH INVESTMENTS THAT ARE RECORDED ON BREAKTHROUGH T1D'S BALANCE SHEET. FOR AN EXPANDED DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM SERVICE ACTIVITIES RELATED TO DIRECT RESEARCH FUNDING, SEE SCHEDULE O. BREAKTHROUGH T1D HAS PLAYED A SIGNIFICANT ROLE IN NEARLY EVERY T1D ADVANCEMENT--DRUG, DEVICE, CELL THERAPY--MADE IN THE LAST 50+ YEARS. OUR FUNDING SUPPORTS MORE THAN 450 ACTIVE T1D RESEARCH GRANTS IN THE UNITED STATES AND 20+ OTHER COUNTRIES AROUND THE WORLD, INCLUDING 151 GRANTS IN FY2025 ALONE, PLUS 78 INTERVENTIONAL CLINICAL TRIALS. WE LEVERAGE PARTNERSHIPS WITH ACADEMIA, INDUSTRY, AND CLINICIANS TO ACCELERATE THE MOST PROMISING RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES. OUR HIGHEST PRIORITY IS DEVELOPING CURES FOR T1D AND IMPROVING LIVES OF THOSE LIVING WITH THE DISEASE TODAY, INCLUDING RESEARCH IN GLUCOSE CONTROL AND PREVENTION AND BETTER TREATMENT OF T1D COMPLICATIONS. THE FULL IMPACT OF BREAKTHROUGH T1D'S RESEARCH INVESTMENT EXTENDS WELL BEYOND DIRECT FUNDING. THROUGH ADVOCACY AND INFLUENCE, BREAKTHROUGH T1D DRIVES FUNDING FROM OTHER SOURCES INTO T1D RESEARCH AND HAS HELPED SECURE PASSAGE OF THE SPECIAL DIABETES PROGRAM, PUTTING NEARLY $3.5 BILLION IN FEDERAL FUNDING TOWARD T1D RESEARCH OVER THE LAST TWO DECADES. ADDITIONALLY IN 2016, BREAKTHROUGH T1D FOUNDED THE T1D FUND: A BREAKTHROUGH T1D VENTURE (T1DFUND.ORG). THE T1D FUND, WHICH IS AN INDEPENDENTLY RUN SUBSIDIARY OF BREAKTHROUGH T1D, IS AN IMPACT INVESTMENT FUND FOCUSED ON ACCELERATING LIFE-CHANGING SOLUTIONS TO TREAT, PREVENT, AND ULTIMATELY CURE TYPE 1 DIABETES (T1D) THROUGH EQUITY INVESTMENTS. FUNDED THROUGH DONATIONS FROM BREAKTHROUGH T1D, OTHER FOUNDATIONS, AND PRIVATE INDIVIDUALS, THE T1D FUND IS A UNIQUE CONSTRUCT THAT INVESTS IN FOR-PROFIT ENTITIES AND REINVESTS RETURNS BACK INTO ADDITIONAL PROMISING OPPORTUNITIES. IN ACCORDANCE WITH GAAP, THE T1D FUND'S TOTAL INVESTMENTS AS OF JUNE 30, 2025, TOTALING $71.3 MILLION, ARE REFLECTED IN THE BALANCE SHEET (PART X) AND NOT INCLUDED WITHIN BREAKTHROUGH T1D'S RESEARCH-RELATED MISSION EXPENSE. BREAKTHROUGH T1D'S DIVERSIFIED RESEARCH PORTFOLIO INCLUDES A FOCUS ON CURING T1D AND IMPROVING LIVES THROUGH THEIR ACADEMIC GRANT FUNDING AND INDUSTRY DISCOVERY & DEVELOPMENT PARTNERSHIP (IDDP) PRODUCT-BASED INITIATIVES FOCUSED ON ALL STAGES OF RESEARCH. CURING T1D WE FACE TWO KEY CHALLENGES IN CURING T1D. WE MUST PREVENT, STOP, OR REVERSE THE (1) LOSS OF INSULIN-PRODUCING BETA CELLS AND (2) THE IMMUNE SYSTEM'S ATTACK ON BETA CELLS. BREAKTHROUGH T1D IS ACCELERATING OUR WORK IN CURING T1D BY FOCUSING ON THREE AREAS THAT HAVE ADVANCED DRAMATICALLY OVER THE YEARS: EARLY DETECTION OF T1D, CELL THERAPIES, AND DISEASE-MODIFYING THERAPIES. EARLY DETECTION OF T1D: FOCUS ON EXPANDING AWARENESS OF AND ACCESS TO SCREENING FOR T1D-RELATED AUTOANTIBODIES, AND MONITORING FOR PEOPLE WHO TEST POSITIVE. DONOR-FUNDED RESEARCH HAS DISCOVERED THAT HAVING TWO OR MORE T1D-SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES MEANS THAT YOU HAVE AN ALMOST 100% CHANCE OF DEVELOPING DIABETES IN YOUR LIFETIME. WITH ONE BLOOD TEST, YOU CAN FIND OUT--BEFORE SYMPTOMS APPEAR--IF YOU ARE AT RISK. THIS CAN REDUCE THE RISK OF DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS AND HOSPITALIZATION AT THE ONSET OF SYMPTOMS AND IDENTIFY PEOPLE WHO CAN TAKE PART IN CLINICAL TRIALS TO DELAY OR PREVENT T1D. CELL THERAPIES: FOCUS ON REPLACING INSULIN-PRODUCING BETA CELLS FROM OUTSIDE SOURCES SUCH AS STEM CELLS OR NON-HUMAN CELLS. THROUGH DONOR-FUNDED RESEARCH, WE NOW KNOW THAT WHEN SOMEONE HAS T1D, THEIR OWN BODY BEGINS ATTACKING AND DESTROYING THE BETA CELLS THAT CREATE INSULIN. IF WE CAN REPLACE BETA CELLS, WE CAN HELP CURE T1D. THERE IS EARLY BUT CRUCIAL PROGRESS SEEN IN RECENTLY REPORTED CLINICAL TRIALS WHERE BETA CELL REPLACEMENT HAS MADE ADVANCES TOWARD INSULIN THERAPY INDEPENDENCE, BETTER T1D MANAGEMENT, AND LONGEVITY OF THE THERAPIES. DISEASE-MODIFYING THERAPIES: RESEARCH HAS SHOWN THAT A PERSON'S IMMUNE SYSTEM MISTAKENLY DESTROYS THE BODY'S BETA CELLS, RENDERING THE PERSON INSULIN-THERAPY DEPENDENT FOR LIFE. IF WE CAN KEEP THE IMMUNE SYSTEM FROM ATTACKING AND DESTROYING BETA CELLS; PROTECT EXISTING, HEALTHY BETA CELLS; SPUR BETA CELL GROWTH; AND DEVELOP TREATMENTS THAT CAN SLOW, HALT, OR REVERSE T1D, AT ANY AGE OR STAGE OF THE DISEASE, WE WILL BE ON THE PATHWAY TO PREVENTION AND CURES FOR T1D. IMPROVING LIVES T1D BRINGS WITH IT DAILY STRUGGLES AND STRESSES THAT MAKE THE CHALLENGES OF LIVING A HEALTHY AND LONG LIFE WITH T1D VERY REAL. BREAKTHROUGH T1D FIGHTS EVERY DAY TO ADVANCE RESEARCH THAT REDUCES THE BURDEN OF LIVING WITH T1D AND KEEPS PEOPLE AS HEALTHY AS POSSIBLE UNTIL WE HAVE CURES. SPECIFICALLY, WE ARE STRIVING TO IMPROVE LIVES BY ACCELERATING THE DEVELOPMENT OF DRUGS, DEVICES, BEHAVIORAL HEALTH INTERVENTIONS, AND COMBINATIONS OF THESE TO IMPROVE SHORT- AND LONG-TERM HEALTH OUTCOMES AND QUALITY OF LIFE, THROUGH THE FOLLOWING THREE PROGRAMS: GLUCOSE CONTROL: WE KNOW THAT FEWER THAN 30% OF PEOPLE WITH T1D IN THE U.S. CONSISTENTLY MAINTAIN TARGET BLOOD-GLUCOSE LEVELS--MEANING THAT 70% ARE AT RISK OF SERIOUS HEALTH ISSUES. AIMING TO ENSURE OUR COMMUNITY IS HEALTHY WHEN CURES ARE FOUND, WE WILL CONTINUE TO FOCUS ON HELPING THOSE WITH T1D MANAGE GLUCOSE LEVELS AND OVERALL METABOLIC BALANCE, INCLUDING IMPROVED ARTIFICIAL PANCREAS TECHNOLOGY, DEVELOPING NEXT-GENERATION INSULINS, AND DEVELOPING NEW DRUGS THAT CONTROL GLUCOSE AND OTHER METABOLIC FACTORS IN NOVEL WAYS. COMPLICATIONS: FOCUS ON ACCELERATING THERAPIES THAT PREVENT AND TREAT EYE, KIDNEY, AND HEART DISEASE. MORE THAN 90% OF PEOPLE WITH T1D DEVELOP SOME LEVEL OF EYE DISEASE WITHIN 20 YEARS OF DIAGNOSIS, 1 IN 4 DEVELOP KIDNEY DISEASE, AND HEART ATTACKS AND STROKES CAUSE APPROXIMATELY 3 OUT OF EVERY 4 DEATHS IN PEOPLE WITH T1D. BREAKTHROUGH T1D DIRECTS FUNDS TO DEVELOP AND IMPROVE EYE, KID
- $59.3 million spent. PUBLIC EDUCATION -- BREAKTHROUGH T1D (FORMERLY JDRF) EDUCATES THE COMMUNITY ABOUT TYPE 1 DIABETES (T1D) AND ITS COMPLICATIONS AND PROVIDES SUPPORT SERVICES AND RESOURCES TO DIAGNOSED CHILDREN AND ADULTS, THEIR FAMILIES, AND OTHERS. FOR AN EXPANDED DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM SERVICE ACTIVITIES RELATED TO PUBLIC EDUCATION AND OUTREACH, SEE SCHEDULE O. BREAKTHROUGH T1D IS UNIQUELY QUALIFIED TO PROVIDE PUBLIC EDUCATION ABOUT TYPE 1 DIABETES AND ITS COMPLICATIONS. BREAKTHROUGH T1D'S EFFORTS IMPACT NOT ONLY THE MILLIONS OF PEOPLE LIVING WITH T1D, THEIR FAMILIES, AND THE GENERAL PUBLIC, BUT ALSO THOSE AT RISK FOR DEVELOPING THE DISEASE. T1D STRIKES BOTH CHILDREN AND ADULTS, AND THE CRITICAL ADJUSTMENT PERIOD FOLLOWING A DIAGNOSIS CAN BE OVERWHELMING. THAT'S WHY WE SUPPORT FAMILIES AND INDIVIDUALS NAVIGATING THIS CHALLENGING TIME. WE ALSO EDUCATE PEOPLE ABOUT THE WARNING SIGNS OF T1D, AIMED AT ENSURING TIMELY DIAGNOSES AND REDUCING THE POTENTIAL CATASTROPHIC CONSEQUENCES OF UNDIAGNOSED T1D. BREAKTHROUGH T1D ALSO PROVIDES INFORMATION AND UPDATES ABOUT CURRENT RESEARCH DIRECTIONS AND PROGRESS ABOUT HUMAN CLINICAL TRIALS THAT ARE SEEKING PARTICIPANTS (INCLUDING THROUGH OUR CLINICAL TRIALS CONNECTION MATCHING TOOL: WWW.BREAKTHROUGHT1D.ORG/CLINICAL-TRIALS) AS WELL AS OUR HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION RESOURCES. THROUGH ALL OF OUR NATIONAL U.S. CHAPTERS; FIVE INTERNATIONAL AFFILIATES IN AUSTRALIA, CANADA, ISRAEL, THE NETHERLANDS, AND UNITED KINGDOM; BREAKTHROUGH T1D DRIVES TOWARD CURES WHILE MEETING THE T1D COMMUNITY'S DIVERSE NEEDS, CONNECTING PEOPLE WITH LOCAL SUPPORT, EXPERT RESOURCES, AND THE GLOBAL EFFORT TO CREATE A WORLD WITHOUT T1D.
- $29.5 million spent. RESEARCH SUPPORT -- BREAKTHROUGH T1D (FORMERLY JDRF) MAINTAINS AN IN-HOUSE TEAM OF SKILLED SCIENTIFIC, MEDICAL, POLICY, AND GOVERNMENT RELATIONS PROFESSIONALS WHO PLAY A CRITICAL ROLE IN LEADING AND SUPPORTING THE EVALUATION OF RESEARCH FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES BY BREAKTHROUGH T1D AND INFLUENCING RESEARCH DIRECTION AND THE DISBURSEMENT OF RESEARCH FUNDS FROM OTHERS. THESE PROFESSIONALS ALSO WORK WITH REGULATORY AND POLICY OFFICIALS TO ENSURE THAT RESEARCH CAN PROCEED WITHOUT DELAY AND RESULTS ARE UNDERSTOOD BY HEALTHCARE DECISION MAKERS. FOR AN EXPANDED DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM SERVICE ACTIVITIES RELATED TO RESEARCH SUPPORT, SEE SCHEDULE O. BREAKTHROUGH T1D'S IN-HOUSE TEAM OF SKILLED AND CREDENTIALED SCIENTIFIC, POLICY, AND GOVERNMENT RELATIONS PROFESSIONALS PLAYS A CRITICAL ROLE IN LEADING AND SUPPORTING THE RESEARCH STRATEGY AND DISTRIBUTION OF RESEARCH FUNDS FROM BREAKTHROUGH T1D - AND OUR PARTNER ORGANIZATIONS - TOWARD CREATING A WORLD WITHOUT T1D. OUR PROFESSIONALS IDENTIFY, EVALUATE, AND INFLUENCE GROUNDBREAKING RESEARCH FOR FUNDING AND WORK WITH OTHER FOUNDATIONS, GOVERNMENTS, AND INDUSTRY PARTNERS TO ACCELERATE OUR SHARED MISSION. BREAKTHROUGH T1D PROFESSIONALS WORK WITH REGULATORY AND POLICY OFFICIALS TO ENSURE RESEARCH CAN PROCEED WITHOUT DELAY AND THAT ADVANCES ARE WELL UNDERSTOOD BY HEALTHCARE DECISION MAKERS AND HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS. AS PART OF THESE EFFORTS, BREAKTHROUGH T1D ORGANIZES AND FUNDS SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS, SYMPOSIA, AND CONFERENCES TO ENSURE THAT BREAKTHROUGH T1D'S RESEARCH STRATEGY IS ALIGNED WITH THE NEEDS OF THE T1D COMMUNITY AND ALLOW OUR EXPERTS TO PROVIDE SCIENTIFIC AND CLINICAL CARE UPDATES ON THE RESEARCH WE FUND. THIS EFFORT ENSURES THAT ALL THE RESEARCH IS CONTINUALLY SHARED AND BUILT UPON BY T1D RESEARCHERS AND HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS AROUND THE GLOBE. THE STRATEGIC ADVISORY PANEL (SAP) IS COMPOSED OF FIVE ESTABLISHED T1D EXPERTS IN VARIOUS ASPECTS OF THE FIELD, INCLUDING PEDIATRIC ENDOCRINOLOGY, PREVENTION, AND TREATMENT OF T1D, IMMUNOTHERAPIES, REGULATORY, AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT. THE SAP CONTRIBUTES TO BREAKTHROUGH T1D SCIENTISTS' STRATEGIC PLANNING REGARDING RESEARCH FUNDING GOALS AND PRIORITIES. BREAKTHROUGH T1D BRINGS TOGETHER THE BEST MINDS IN THE FIELD, WHICH ENHANCES BREAKTHROUGH T1D'S ABILITY TO FORECAST FUTURE SCIENTIFIC DIRECTION, JUDGE THE POTENTIAL EFFECTIVENESS OF NEW PATHWAYS, AND IDENTIFY GAPS WHERE OUR FUNDING CAN MAKE THE MOST IMPACT.
Source: Form 990 for the year ending June 30, 2025, filed with the Internal Revenue Service. Rating method 2026.2. How we rate
Legitimacy checks
Is it registered with the IRS? Passed.
Listed in the IRS master file of tax-exempt organizations as a 501(c)(3) charitable organization.
Source: Exempt Organizations Business Master File, Internal Revenue Service, file dated October 13, 2026.
Has the IRS revoked its tax-exempt status? Passed.
Not on the IRS automatic revocation list.
Source: Automatic revocation of exemption list, Internal Revenue Service, file dated November 6, 2026.
Are donations tax-deductible? Passed.
On the IRS list of organizations eligible to receive tax-deductible contributions.
Source: Publication 78 data: organizations eligible for tax-deductible contributions, Internal Revenue Service, file dated October 13, 2026.
Is it keeping up with its IRS filings? Passed.
Most recent return on file covers the year ending June 2025.
Source: Exempt Organizations Business Master File, Internal Revenue Service, file dated October 13, 2026.
How long has it been tax-exempt? Passed.
Recognized by the IRS since April 1973.
Source: Exempt Organizations Business Master File, Internal Revenue Service, file dated October 13, 2026.
Is it in good standing with state regulators? Passed.
Not on California's list of charities barred from soliciting. Other states are not yet checked.
Source: May Not Operate or Solicit for Charitable Purposes list, California Attorney General, Registry of Charities and Fundraisers, file dated November 4, 2026.
Ratings and checks are our reading of public records, using the published method. They are not a statement about anyone's honesty. If you work for this organization, you can send corrections or results, confirm you want gifts through Veridonate, or ask to be removed from giving.